Analysis Of The Poem The Echo Of Silence - 1522 Words

Victoria Collins Mr. Welborn Art History and Appreciation November 21, 2016 The Echo of Silence This paper is written on the artwork ‘Rebellious Silence’ from the series of Women of Allah by Shirin Neshat. Ms. Neshat â€Å"...is a contemporary Iranian artist best known for her films exploring the relationship between women and the religious and cultural value systems within Islamic communities† (Fine Art). In this paper Neshat’s biography, style for taking the picture, inspiration for the picture, and the powerful meaning behind it will be discussed. Her artwork has inspired many around the world, but has also angered people. Neshat’s Women of Allah is inspirational to many women. For me, her ‘Rebellious Silence’ stood out to me the most. In the eighth edition textbook of â€Å"A World of Art† by Henry M. Sayre Neshat’s photograph is described as: In Rebellious Silence, Neshat portrays herself as a Muslim woman, dressed in a black chador, the traditional covering that extends from head to toe, revealing only hands and face. A rifle divides her face, upon which Neshat has inscribed in ink a Farsi poem by the devout Iranian woman poet Tahereh Saffarzadeh. Saffarzadeh’s verses express the deep belief of many Iranian women in Islam. Only within the context of Islam, they believe, are women truly equal to men, and they claim that the chador, by concealing a woman’s sexuality, prevents her from becoming a sexual object. â€Å"Her work has increasingly reflected her desire to come to termsShow MoreRelatedThe Solitary Reaper1342 Words   |  6 PagesStylistic Analysis on the Solitary Reaper The Solitary Reaper is one of William Wordsworths most famous post-Lyrical Ballads lyrics. It describes the poet’s delight in a young woman’s melancholy song in an unknown language. A highland girl is singing a melancholy song as she wings a sickle and reaps grain. The song is carried through the hills and valleys and seems to echo all around. To the poet the song seems sweeter even than the song of Nightingale. He does not want anyone to disturbRead MoreBrianna Ruiz-Vannerson. Leonard Miller. Enc1102. Feb. 231548 Words   |  7 Pagestwo of his works, â€Å"Lenore† and â€Å"The Raven,† and how these two tie into each other. When Edgar Allan Poe had returned and learned of his fiancà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s engagement, Poe left and move to Boston where he published one of his works titled â€Å"Tamerlane and Other Poems† in 1827. He then joined the army and served for two years before being called back home upon knowing of his foster mother’s illness but he returned too late to say goodbye (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†). When finding this information out, many have come to realizeRead More Essay on Art in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man1577 Words   |  7 Pagesof art may be Romantic, but because his world is no longer the world of the Romantics he has to see art more as a fundamental validation of his own being than as a communication of a special vision. Two aspects of Romanticism figure into this analysis of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. First, the Romantics defining belief in some connection between the human spirit and some higher purpose, and their belief in arts capacity to serve as the vehicle to connect the human with the divineRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Tell Tale Heart Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesPoe’s Method to Madness [Hook] With his short stories and poems, Edgar Allan Poe has captivated the imagination and interest of readers all around the world. His creative talents led to the beginning of different literary genres, earning him the nickname Father of the Detective Story among other distinctions (Poe s Literary Contributions). It may be concluded he wrote such dark stories and poems because of the adverse situations he faced in life. Much of his life was surrounded by sadness, deathRead MoreNorthern Ireland s Funeral Traditions1669 Words   |  7 Pagesand the religion that they belong to still trap the body that they are attached to, even in death. Daniel Hoffheins from UC Davis says in his literary analysis says â€Å"Heaney slyly adds at the end of the second and third stanzas that the corpses’ rosaries act as shackles, fettering their â€Å"obediently sloped† wrists. Such intentional observations echo Heaney’s initial qualifying statement and lace his â€Å"courteous admiration† with a hint of sarcasm, lending the tableau of the hovering women around theRead MoreWho Goes with Fergus11452 Words   |  46 PagesWho Goes With Fergus This poem is about the dichotomy of the thinker and the actor. Yeats, in love with Maud Gonne, was the thinker, the courtly lover -- the one who would brood upon loves bitter mystery. Yeats was Mr. Nice Guy. Yet Yeats wanted to be the actor - the alpha male - the Fergus. Note the sexualized subtext that permeates the poem, who will pierce the deep woods woven shade? Who will drive with Fergus. Finally, we get the reasons to be the alpha male - the man of action, in theRead More Wordsworth and Vaughan Essay2066 Words   |  9 Pagesin relation to an earlier man, Henry Vaughan. I am not the first to do so; much has been said of the link between these men regarding their analogous poems â€Å"The Retreat† and â€Å"Ode: Intimations of Immortality†Ã¢â‚¬â€by comparing them I cannot claim any original insight. However, there is more common to these two men than two poems, and in analyzing what Wordsworth desires from poetry and the poet in his â€Å"Preface to the Lyrical Ballads† we see that Vaughan had many of the poetic qualities WordsworthRead MoreThe Impact Of Beethoven On The Development Of The Symphony Until Mahler3555 Words   |  15 Pagesthe Prelude to his opera Tristan und Isolde. The deferred resolutions of the ‘Tristan Chord’ are frequently interpreted as symbolising both physical sexual release and spiritual release. The Prelude is on the cusp of tonality, defying Schenkerian analysis. The foreground and background tend to drift apart when attempts are made to analyse it, due to the intense ambiguity of the piece. Additionally, the effect of Wagner’s music is derived from all the things Schenker leaves out – the orchestra coloursRead MoreEssay on Jack Kerouacs On the Road and Allen Ginsbergs Howl3843 Words   |  16 PagesJack Kerouacs On the Road and Allen Ginsbergs Howl Works Cited It was a 1951 TIME cover story, which dubbed the Beats a ‘Silent Generation, ’ that led to Allen Ginsberg’s retort in his poem ‘America,’ in which he vocalises a frustration at this loss of self- importance. The fifties Beat Generation, notably through Jack Kerouac’s On the Road and Allen Ginsberg’s Howl#61482; as will here be discussed, fought to revitalise individuality and revolutionise their censored society which seemed toRead MorePoems with Theme with Life and Death and Their Analysis8446 Words   |  34 PagesEI WAI KHAING AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES ON LIFE AND DEATH OF SOME POEMS Abstract: Some basic elements of poem and types of poem are included in this paper. Although there are countless number of poems on Life and Death, only the ones which seem noteworthy are studied and analysed in terms of themes. Different opinions of different poets on life and death found in their poems are also presented and contrasted in this paper. This paper

The Effects Of Prenatal Care On Children - 1118 Words

Discussion Traditionally, pregnancy is a celebrated occasion but for women who live in poverty this life changing event can be wrought with uncertainty and apprehension. Typically, new mothers living in poverty are most likely already facing multiple stressors such as unemployment, unfavorable living conditions, substandard environment and threats of violence. Additionally, the increased physical demands and need for supplemental financial resources consistent with a new pregnancy are more likely to leave a mother living in poverty feeling overwhelmed and depressed. One of the ways expanded Medicaid coverage can reduce this burden is by facilitating improved access to medical care for both the mother and her unborn child. Multiple definitive studies have proven that mothers who have access to adequate prenatal care have fewer miscarriages, less birth defects and give birth to healthier babies. The United States, despite being one of the richest countries in the world has a lower rate of infant survival when compared to other developed nations and decreased access to prenatal care exacerbates this statistic. Prenatal care not only gives new mothers access to medical, education and nutritional resources but serves an opportunity to identify babies at risk for delivering preterm or suffer from low birth weight (Alexander Cornely, 1986). Data derived from the 1980 National Natality Survey associated a higher instance of low birth weight with inadequate prenatalShow MoreRelatedEssay on Pre and Postnatal Care for the Amish950 Words   |  4 PagesPrenatal Amish view pregnancy and childbirth as normal biological functions of the female body, however; due to their cultural beliefs they will not seek out prenatal care until late in their pregnancy, if no problems arise. Women who are primiparous, giving birth for the first time, will generally seek prenatal care at around four months, while those who are multiparous, those who have given birth multiple times, generally seek prenatal care during the third trimester. Amish women typically do notRead MoreImmigration Policy : The Nation Of Immigrants1486 Words   |  6 Pages-born children. In fact, in 2012, 7% of K-12 children in the country had at least one unauthorized immigrant parent, and 79% of these children were born in the U.S. (Pew, 2014). The prenatal care these pregnant undocumented women receive, however, lags far behind that of documented immigrants and U.S. citizens. Studies have found that pregnant undocumented immigrant women are far less likely to access prenatal care than documented immigrant women and U.S.-born women and, if they do seek care, it isRead MoreHow Prenatal Care Is Associated With Child s Health1249 Words   |  5 PagesAs I attempted to search for an article on how prenatal care is associated with child’s health I initially did a google search and typed â€Å"prenatal care†. I was overwhelmed with the number of articles and websites available to choose from. I thought it was necessary to be specific in what exactly I wanted to research and that’s when I typed in â€Å"prenatal care† and â€Å"health† into the search bar. Once I found a website that looked resourceful and appealing I made sure that it was published by an educationalRead MorePrenatal Care For Young Women Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesPrenatal Care for Young Women Most young mothers are worried about a number of new changes that will impact them socially, physically and emotionally. Prenatal care can be neglected due to an unexpected pregnancy, not being educated on what to do, or not having resources to get care. Prenatal care is very important to a child’s early development. Prenatal care can mean several things like cutting back on caffeine and stopping smoking. It can also mean soon after conception beginning to care for yourselfRead MoreThe Role Of Literature Of Maternal Depression During Prenatal Stages1110 Words   |  5 Pages Evaluating the Relationship of Literature of Maternal Depression during Prenatal Stages. Depression can occur at any time. We often hear talk of postpartum depression or the baby blues, which occurs shortly after the birth of a baby. Though we rarely discuss depression that occurs during pregnancy or prenatal depression. There are estimates that as many as 70% of women will experience symptoms of depression during pregnancy, making it a widespread concern. However, these depressive symptoms areRead MoreDelayed Childbearing Outcomes And Prevention1141 Words   |  5 PagesCountless women decide to wait for numerous reasons, such as, late marriages, pursuing a higher education, and/ or establishing their careers. According to the journal article, Effects of Older Maternal Age on the Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Labor, they found that older maternal age exerted a direct and independent effect on spontaneous preterm labor for both nulliparous women with no preexisting illnesses or pregnancy complications (low-risk) and nulliparous women who did not have any preexistingRead M oreThe Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Pregnant Mothers And Their Newborn Children1700 Words   |  7 Pagesassess the impact of Medicaid expansion on pregnant mothers and their newborn children. Issues explored were the history Medicaid, current perceptions regarding the program and its recipients, the benefits of Medicaid and the reasons that some states have chosen to opt out of the expansion. The methodology used for this study was to research peer reviewed articles and journals to determine the positive and negative effects of Medicaid expansion and compare data from states that have implemented programRead MoreChild Development and the Impact of Autism1273 Words   |  6 Pagesthe cause or effect I am analyzing in my thesis? Yes, I am analyzing cause and effect between autism and children. 2. Have I explained the cause-and-effect relationship convincingly? Yes, I have provided researched examples of the cause and effect relationship between autism and children. 3. Have I organized my causes and/or effects logically? Yes, I have organized my causes and effects throughout the paper. 4. Have I used sound logic? Yes, I have backed up my cause and effect ideas withRead MorePrenatal Development And Development Of A Fetus1591 Words   |  7 PagesPrenatal development, also known as antenatal development, is the process of the development of a human fetus during pregnancy, from fertilization of the egg until the birth of the child. There are many factors that can contribute to the development of the fetus and many threats that can impact it. Most prenatal development occurs in a normal manner, however; there are many things that can go wrong during this vulnerable time and usually are caused by genetic or environmental factors. While the hazardsRead MoreHealth Disparities Of Prenatal Care960 Words   |  4 Pageshealth disparity is the lack of prenatal care amongst women in socially disadvantaged populations. These predominately include women of minorities, women who have a low income, and the location these women live in. This health disparity is important to ad dress because research has shown that women who receive prenatal care are more likely to conceive babies of a healthy birth weight and have low infant mortality rates than those women who do not receive this prenatal care (Putting Women s Health Disparities

I Am the Best Student Athlete Essay Example For Students

I Am the Best Student Athlete Essay Joe Paterno, a legendary football coach, once said, â€Å"You must relate athletic experiences to life† (Paterno). Relating my athletic experiences to education has helped my goals a lot simpler. Having the dedication to my athletic skills have also been used in my educational life by being the best I can be. I am the best student athlete. First, I am a dedicated student-athlete. Committed to my goals have made me realize that I must do certain things to accomplish them. I put in extra time to my education work and athletic work. For instance, after practice, I would do over time by practicing more on my own to break my high schools one mile record. Experiencing overtime with athletics has made me realize to put in overtime for education as well. After class, I review the discussion with my peers and review notes to help myself understand the argument much clearer. Another case why I am a dedicated student is because I do all my educational and athletic duties. For example, when the coach messages all the runners at five pm for an optional workout, I will do them because I am dedicated to accomplishing my goals. Experiencing my duties for athletics has helped me educationally as well. I will never forget to do a homework assignment, project, power point, essay, speech, etc. When assignments are announced, I do it on the same day as well if it were a work of giving from the coach. Knowing that I am a dedicated student, I will be one hundred percent ready to attack anything that will make me achieve my goals. In addition, I am an organized student-athlete. Organization is important to me because with no organization I will not be able to achieve my goals quickly. I am always ready for class and practice. Every time I get a new announcement from my teachers and coach I put it on my planner because I do not want to miss an assignment or a workout. For instance, when I am assigned to a work out after school I plan to finish that first. After the workout, I do my assigned homework. Another case why I am an organized student is because I manage my time wisely. For example, when do my five pm workouts I start on time, and when I am finish with the workout I will finish my assignments before nine pm that is the time I go to bed. Keeping track of all my assignment due dates and workout schedules will help me become a less stressful person. Lastly, I am a responsible student-athlete. Wanting to accomplish my goals must be done by doing better for me. When I need help, I go to see my teachers or go to a close by tutorial center. For example, if I do not feel that my essay is an A paper then I will go see my teacher for he or she can analyze it. Another example is if I do not feel that my running form is correct, I will go see my coach demonstrate and ask why my way is wrong. Another reason I am responsible is because I ask questions in class. For instance, during a discussion about different parenting skills was confusing because my teacher will explain various types of parenting but never gave its definition, so I asked and got an answer to organize which was which. Responsibility for me is the main key to success because if I do not care enough for my dreams then whatever I am doing is for nothing. I am the best athlete-student. Being dedicated, organized, and responsible has shaped the way I am as a student-athlete. Learning that dedication to an athletic sport has made me realize that commitment will help out my educational life. Organizing my agenda has helped me achieve every goal. Having responsibility for me has kept me strong as a student-athlete. Using all three characteristics has made my life easier because I have not been stressed out and depressed. Relating my athletic experiences has helped me become an ambitious student-athlete in life.

Quack-Quack free essay sample

Quack-Quack. Its 6: 15!! Another hateful morning begins with New York shock-jock radio host Don Imus and his roll-call. Then a bad imitation of Rush Limbaugh presents itself, commenting on the Rodney King trials or the Whitewater scandal. However, at 6: 15, none of this makes sense. Despite my parents attempt to shield me, I still feel the pain of my grandmothers illness. Sometimes things are unfair, and Im trying to understand how people deal with their situations. Every day seemed to get harder since my grandparents moved in with us. My grandmother has Alzheimers, and my grandfather couldnt deal with it. My mother has to care for her mother, and my father is frustrated with the situation. This was all confusing for me: I withdrew from the family as much as possible. Although everyone has been trying to be noble, it has placed a strain on us. Because of this situation, I lost part of my high school experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Quack-Quack or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For two years, my grandmothers disease not only debilitated her but crushed my family. Living with this has not been easy for me. I tried to do the right thing- have compassion for my grandmother and be supportive of my folks, but this was no easy task. I was not completely successful so I tried to become more involved in my school community. I didnt realize how healthy a choice it was at first, but it saved my sanity and gave me a wealth of experiences where I grew as a person. I welcomed the challenge because it gave me a chance to strengthen my character and help my family. My choice of adapting has given me a greater sense of independence and focus to my life. So, as Don Imus quacks away with his poor imitations of current events, I focus on living and making the most of my world. In doing so Ive learned I not only help myself but also my family.

CookSafe Food Safety Management Audit

CookSafe Food Safety Management Audit Introduction to HACCP Principles and CookSafe Food Safety Management System HACCP Principles Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is defined as a system concerned with food safety management (Eves Dervisi 2005). According to Riswadkar (2000), the system’s major focus is identification and prevention of hazards likely to cause food borne illnesses (FBI).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on CookSafe Food Safety Management Audit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More HACCP is used to overcome the shortcomings associated with manufacturing processes with regards to food items. The system also involves of random sampling of various food products to enhance safety. Bolton, Meally, Blair, McDowell and Cowan (2008) are of the opinion that HACCP ensures quality and safety are integrated into every step of the food production process. The system encompasses specifications of the product formulation and distributio n. Consequently, safety is ensured even in cases where potential consumers misuse or abuse the food product. According to Buchanan (1990), HACCP was developed in the 1960s. Over the years, it has emerged as a major approach in securing and enhancing the safety of food products supplied in the market (Buchanan 1990). The popularity of the system emanates from its preventive approach to food safety. To this end, the system indentifies, evaluates, and controls hazards that are associated with food safety. CookSafe CookSafe, on the other hand, refers to a guidance manual for caterers. It was developed by the Food Standards Agency Scotland (Food Standards Agency [FSA] 2004). The manual provides information on the various types of food businesses.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The HACCP working group of the Scottish Food Enforcement Liaison Committee (SFELC) was a lso involved in its formulation (FSA 2004). The caterers’ guidance manual is designed to help catering businesses understand and implement HACCP based systems. It is noted that the manual categorises hazards into chemicals, micro-biologicals, and physicals (Bolton et al. 2008). Hazard is considered as anything that may harm individuals who consume the supplied food products. CookSafe adopts the HACCP approach in managing food quality and safety. It requires all caterers to conduct hazard analysis in their food businesses (FSA 2004). The analysis takes place where caterers identify the various hazards associated with each process and step in their business. Consequently, anything that can go wrong in the business is highlighted and measures to control or prevent the hazard implemented (Bryan 1999). According to Riswadkar (2000), the risk management philosophy adopted by HACCP is very basic. The system is used to highlight the critical risk areas. The identification helps the f irm to focus on these hazards. As a result, risk management efforts are maximised in the process. In light of this, HACCP provides a very systematic approach to food safety management. Outline of the Audit Report The following report provides a HACCP and CookSafe audit analysis. The report critically reviews the various aspects of these systems that are essential in food safety management. The approach adopted in this review demonstrates the effectiveness of food safety management using HACCP.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on CookSafe Food Safety Management Audit specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The report highlights some of the difficulties related to the application of CookSafe in small and large catering firms. The HACCP based audit investigates the various aspects of the system. In addition, the report explores the effectiveness of HACCP application in the CookSafe program. The audit also highlights some of the major problems hindering the application and effectiveness of the CookSafe system. Key Aspects of HACCP Audit According to Ehiri, Morris, and McEwen (1995), the desire to promote food safety has made HACCP a necessity for the food processors. HACCP has emerged as the preferred mode of achieving total quality management in the industry. As such, the need for HACCP audit in this industry is made apparent. Many food regulation agencies, such as FDA, have incorporated this system into their programs. For instance, FDA made HACCP part of its audit program in its 1999 Food Code (Riswadkar 2000). At the heart of most food safety management programs today is HACCP. Auditing the effectiveness of the system in various food safety management programs involves analysing several aspects related to the same (Eves Dervisi 2005). The aspects are apparent from the process approach adopted by HACCP. Riswadkar (2000) advances seven principles associated with the implementation of the HACCP model. The first principle involves conducting hazard analysis and risk assessment. It is noted that this is the most important principle of this system. Effective food safety controls rely on the proper identification and assessment of risks. The first principle entails a very involving and engaging process.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reason is that all the potential hazards must be identified. Failure to highlight these items can result in unacceptable risks. The risks may manifest themselves in spite of the implementation of the correct control and monitoring systems. As such, this principle is very essential in enhancing the effectiveness of HACCP. The second aspect of HACCP entails identifying critical control points (CCPs) in food preparation (Gilling, Taylor, Kane Taylor 2001). It is a fact that many aspects of the food processing system are considered as control points. However, only very few of them qualify as CCPs. CCPs refer to controllable points in a given process. Failure to control these elements may result in unacceptable risks (Gilling et al. 2001). CCPs refer to those points, procedures, and steps in the food production process where safety and hazard can be controlled. The various hazards can also be prevented, reduced, and eliminated at such stages. Most of the control points are defined i n relation to consumer protection. However, other steps beyond this basic protection can be identified and dealt with. The third principle of HACCP entails establishing critical boundaries, specifications, and limits for each of the CCPs (Gilling et al. 2001). The system requires the establishment of critical limits for each of these points. The limits ensure that the system controls the identified hazards effectively. They also act as safety margins for each of the CCPs, enhancing the control and prevention of the identified hazard in the process (Riswadkar 2000). Establishing the procedures needed to monitor the CCPs constitutes the fourth principle of HACCP (Riswadkar 2000). Monitoring and review entails a planned set of activities. It involves conducting tests and carrying out observations. The aim is to ensure that the CCPs are regulated. The principle ensures that the various aspects of monitoring are mapped out. The fifth HACCP principle entails the establishment of correctiv e action protocols for each of the CCPs (Gilling et al. 2001). It helps in making corrections in case the monitoring aspect indicates any deviations exceeding critical safety margins. Riswadkar (2000) provides a working definition of critical deviations. Riswadkar views them as deficiencies that may lead to unacceptable risks with regards to health of the consumer. Such deficiencies need to be addressed immediately. Establishment of procedures for recordkeeping constitutes the last aspect of HACCP system (Eves Dervisi 2005). Maintenance of records is very essential to the system. The records encompass all the other aspects of HACCP, including critical control points and safety limits. Corrective actions, hazard analysis, and verification activities constitute the other components of the HACCP system. The current comprehensive HACCP audit will take into account all these elements of the system. Evaluation of the key aspects will determine the efficiency of HACCP implementation in a given food safety management system. The presence of all these elements should be highlighted in the CookSafe program. According to Taylor (2001), an effective and efficient HACCP program involves a systematic approach to the issues associated with food safety management. Effectiveness of HACCP is also reflected in the risk management philosophy of the system. The philosophy puts emphasis on the reduction of potential hazards, most of which are inherent in food safety (Eves Dervisi 2005). The strategy enables food processing firms to direct their resources towards the prevention and mitigation of threats to food safety. HACCP EC 852/2004 Regulation on Foodstuffs Hygiene The suitability of HACCP in food safety management is made apparent in the wide scope of the system. The effectiveness of this approach is enhanced by various regulations. One of them is the HACCP EC 852/2004 Regulation on Foodstuffs Hygiene. Caterers and other food producers have are legally obliged to provide safe products to the consumers (Regulation (EC) no. 852/2004 of the European parliament and of the council [Regulation 852/2004] 2004). The regulations seek to modernise, consolidate, and simplify legislations on food hygiene in the European Union. In addition, HACCP EC 852/2004 regulation focuses on controlling the various public health protection systems. The regulation clarifies the primary responsibilities of food business operators, ensuring that they conduct their activities safely. Generally, regulation 852/2004 stipulates what is expected from food business operators. The regulation applies to all categories of operators, including those at the primary production level (Seward 2000). However, it is important to note that the needs of the primary producers are different from the expectations of other food operators. All food business operators are required to maintain and implement a HACCP based system (Regulation 852/2004 2004). In addition, the HACCP principles must be implemen ted. The implementation takes into consideration the flexibility of individual cases. The regulation explores flexibility levels, which simplifies HACCP’s implementation requirements for small businesses. How CookSafe Works As already indicated, this system is important in the food industry. A number of adjustments were made on food regulations in 2006. Under the new rules, entrepreneurs operating in this industry were expected to implement safety management protocols in accordance with the HACCP system. The Food Standards Agency Scotland sought the assistance of HACCP working group (the Scottish Food Enforcement Liaison Committee [SFELC]) to undertake these changes (FSA 2004). SFELC developed a guidance manual for the caterers, drawing from the perspectives of various experts in the food industry. The outcome of the taskforce was the manual referred to as CookSafe (FSA 2004). The caterers benefit from the new guidebook by following the instructions provided. They are capable of developing HACCP based approach to meet their business needs. CookSafe program consists of five phases. They include the introduction phase, the flow diagram section, and the HACCP charts part. The others include the house rules and the records sections (FSA 2004). Based on the program, it is apparent that the various aspects of HACCP system are addressed in CookSafe. The introduction phase provides caterers with guidelines on the various HACCP terms used in CookSafe food safety management program (Taylor 2001). The flow diagram section provides templates to help operators customise their business operations. The HACCP charts section outlines the steps to be followed in the business process (Eves Dervisi 2005). The section also highlights what may go wrong. In addition, it provides solutions to the problems. The section provides guidelines and examples that caterers can adapt in their business. The house rules section of CookSafe program assists caterers to develop their own bu siness regulations. The aim is to enhance the safety of their day-to-day operations (Seward 2000). The section ensures that safety practices are incorporated into the food production processes. The records part provides caterers with guidelines on the template used to link the sections constituting the entire CookSafe food safety management program (Taylor 2001). CookSafe provides caterers with a framework to fully implement HCCP in food production activities. The program can also be utilised to enhance good business practices in an already existing system. Ultimately, CookSafe addresses the issue of food safety management by caterers in general. The system is tailored to suit the needs of most catering businesses. However, the caterers are required to adapt their business records and rules to suit their business operations. The system manifests this strength by providing guidelines, a template, and recommendations for every step followed in the implementation (Tsarouhas 2012). Cook Safe food safety management program is based on the best available information. Verification and Validation of CookSafe System Elements Verification of the various CookSafe system elements constitutes a very essential aspect of the program. The process involves performing an overview analysis of the entire HACCP system (FSA 2005). Verification also includes establishing the effectiveness of the procedures followed in controlling hazards and their applications in operations. Major components of the CookSafe system facilitating the verification and validation of the elements involve documentation and the action plan (FSA 2004). Documentation ensures that the records of the steps comprising the system implementation are documented. Record keeping facilitates tracking of the system implementation process. According to FSA (2004), the action plan in CookSafe system records the progress made in the implementation of the five phases. The action plan refers to a documented record listing th e completed actions in relation to system implementation (Tsarouhas 2012). It is maintained by the person utilising the manual. The plan is used to devise a HACCP compliant food safety management system. Documentation provides the mechanism used to ensure that the elements of the CookSafe system work effectively (Pierson Corlett 1992). It details the primary intentions and the achievements made in the various sections of system implementation. If some elements exhibit shortcomings, a review is conducted and a different approach adopted. Some examples of verification elements in CookSafe system include checking for consistency in the application of control measures at CCPs (Taylor 2001). Monitoring the records for consistency and accuracy is another instance of verification in the system. Conducting CookSafe Food Safety Management System Audit According to Grujic, Keran, Vujadinovic, and Perusic (2012), employees are an important element in any HACCP system in facilities dealing wit h food production. The members of staff make up the primary force that audits the implementation and outcomes of CookSafe system. Business operators can perform the audit function, although they might favour the firm and produce biased results (Seward 2000). Grujic et al. (2012) are of the opinion that employees need motivation. Incentives facilitate compliance with the regulations, especially in relation to food safety and hygiene. In addition, providing practical and ongoing training to the staff involved in handling food is very important. The training should enhance their industrial skills and add to the general information available to the system. According to Pun and Bhairo-Beekhoo (2008), employees need enhanced knowledge on product safety, expertise, hygiene, and HACCP. Several authors have investigated the need for training in enhancing employees’ knowledge on food safety (Holford 2010). Training the employees is a strategy used to improve food safety and the overall human health. Holford (2010) argues that prerequisite training is inevitable in the successful implementation of HACCP system in the catering industry. Prerequisite activities are important in the industry, including in the implementation of HACCP CookSafe food safety management system. Other activities include health insurance, hygiene practices, pest control, and competent manufacturing practices (Kane 2011). Equipping employees in the catering sector with the relevant knowledge and skills on CookSafe food security management supports the success of the system. In addition, employees conduct excellent audit on the entire process. External auditors, such as officials from the Food Standards Agency, can also audit the process. Auditing the Food Businesses There are numerous aspects of auditing, especially in the food industry. External auditors uphold the effectiveness of the whole review process. They must be authorised and knowledgeable about the standards in the industry. As suc h, auditing the effectiveness of the CookSafe food safety management system is a major undertaking. According to Paniscello, Quantick and Knowles (1999), the frequency of auditing CookSafe food safety management system is informed by various factors. For instance, determining the CCPs in the flow chart section is subject to debate. Such factors as sanitation and location are, however, under the control of fixed guidelines (McSwane Linton 2000). In light of this, the audit process should be carried out regularly. For instance, it can be carried out on a monthly basis. The audit process must be guided by a checklist. The CookSafe system manual condenses the implementation process into five major sections (FSA 2004). Consequently, the audit checklist must highlight the achievements made in the various sections. For instance, the checklist can address such issues as the relationship between house rules and temperature control, personal hygiene, training, and cleaning (Mitchell, Fraser Bearon 2007). Other aspects that can be addressed include available hazards and risks, as well as the control measures can put in place. The checklist can highlight sub-sections on effective manufacturing processes and work flow in food processing. According to Pierson and Corlett (1992), there are various methods of collecting and reporting auditing data. Data collection should begin with the documentation feature of the CookSafe system. The information derived from this phase is secondary in nature. However, the feature is an excellent source of management information. Primary sources of data include observations, laboratory tests, and responses generated from the checklist. The methods used in collecting such information should support the legitimacy and validity of the findings. Laboratory tests, observations, and checklist findings complement each other. For instance, the documentation section of CookSafe system should enhance the results generated through observations. Public ation of the findings made in the audit is the best alternative for reporting the information generated from the CookSafe food safety management system. Publishing the findings would facilitate comparisons with outcomes from other parts of the country given that the system is implemented in the whole region. In addition, reporting the findings would help in publicising the CookSafe system. Using the Audit Approach on a Small and a Medium Business Using the HACCP food safety management system to audit the sandwich business and the restaurant would be relatively easy. The two businesses fall under the category of small and medium enterprises. Auditing the two ventures will involve a conventional approach. The process requires the presence and participation of the management teams. Submission of HACCP documentation provides the basis for the audit. Inspection of the business operations in line with relevant regulations, including Regulation (EC) No 852/2004, then follows. Review of the food safety program will include analysis of such documentations as the process flow charts, monitoring records, and the specifications for the finished product. Assessment of the hazard analysis reports and CCPs will also feature in the auditing process. Results of tests conducted on various food products, together with verification records, will also be analysed. The findings of the auditing process are enhanced by inspecting the food business license, observing the production processes, and reviewing the manufacturing practices. Review of the food safety program and implementation of corrective actions will follow. The process will come to an end following the compilation of the audit reports and inspection notes. Difficulties in Applying CookSafe Food Safety Management System The use of the CookSafe Food safety management system and the implementation of the HACCP principles are faced by numerous challenges. It is noted that HACCP is based on scientific and empirical foundation s. It is also widely publicised. However, challenges remain as far as its implementation is concerned. According to Taylor and Taylor (2004), one of the problems affecting HACCP is the bureaucracy behind the system. For instance, the documentation aspect of the CookSafe system is complex and characterised by various formalities. In addition, some SME operators feel that the system does not address the needs of their businesses adequately. Kane (2011) argues that the introduction of new legislations in relation to food hygiene poses a major problem to SME owners. For instance, the caterers who fail to comply with the regulations are forced to close down their businesses. Based on this, the system is regarded as limiting and discouraging with regards to entrepreneurship in the food production sector. The effective implementation of CookSafe system requires the utilisation of time and other resources. According to Taylor and Taylor (2004), time and money are highly valued resources tha t some players in the food industry cannot afford to waste. Furthermore, some of the businesses consider the system as unnecessary since they are already taking care of their consumers. Conclusion The HACCP concept is gaining popularity irrespective of the challenges encountered in its implementation. The system is rapidly replacing traditional approaches, such as health examinations, end product testing, and inspections. However, the future of the approach in the food industry remains unclear. However, it is apparent that HACCP principles will continue to evolve over time. The effectiveness of the approach in promoting food safety is encouraging. The need for increased vigilance in relation to food borne diseases is on the rise. As such, the continued use of HACCP depends on its effectiveness in food safety management. References Bolton, D, Meally, A, Blair, I, McDowell, D, Cowan, C. 2008. ‘Food safety knowledge of head chefs and catering managers in Ireland’, Food Co ntrol, vol. 19 no. 3, pp. 291-300. Bryan, F 1999, ‘Hazard analysis critical control point approach to food safety: past, present, and future’, Journal of Environmental Health, vol. 61 no. 8, pp. 9-14. Buchanan, R 1990, ‘HACCP: a re-emerging approach to food safety’, Trends in Food Science and Technology, vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 6-8. Ehiri, J, Morris, G McEwen, J 1995, ‘Implementation of HACCP in food businesses: the way ahead’, Food Control, vol. 6, pp. 341-345. Eves, A Dervisi, P 2005, ‘Experiences of the implementation and operation of hazard analysis critical control points in the food service sector’, International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 24 no. 1, pp. 3-19. Food Standards Agency 2004, CookSafe: food safety assurance system. Web. Gilling, S, Taylor, E, Kane, K, Taylor, J. 2001. ‘Successful HACCP implementation: understanding the barriers through the use of a behavioural adherence model’, Journal of Foo d Protection, vol. 64 no. 10, pp. 710-715. Grujic, S, Keran, H, Vujadinovic, D, Perusic, M. 2012. ‘Knowledge of employees in restaurants about the means and application of HACCP’, Quality of Life, vol. 3 no. 3/4, pp. 76-87. Holford, D 2010, ‘Knowledge construction and risk induction/mitigation in dialogical workgroup processes’, Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 127-161. Kane, K 2011, ‘Evolving methods of HACCP: costs and benefits’, Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, vol. 3 no. 5, pp. 1-6. McSwane, D Linton, R 2000, ‘Issues and concerns in HACCP development and implementation for retail food operations’, Journal of Environmental Health, vol. 62 no. 6, pp. 15-18. Mitchell, R, Fraser, A Bearon, L 2007, ‘Preventing food-borne illness in food service establishments: broadening the framework for intervention and research on safe food handling behaviours†™, International Journal of Environmental Health Research, vol. 17 no. 1, pp. 9-24. Paniscello, J, Quantick, P Knowles, M 1999, ‘Toward the implementation of HACCP: results of a UK regional survey’, Food Control, vol. 10, pp. 87-98. Pierson, M Corlett, D 1992, HACCP principles and applications, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. Pun, K Bhairo-Beekhoo, P 2008, ‘Factors affecting HACCP practices in the food sectors: a review of literature 1994-2007’, Asian Journal on Quality, vol. 9 no. 1, pp. 134-152. Regulation (EC) no 852/2004 of the European parliament and of the council 2004. Web. Riswadkar, A 2000, ‘An introduction to HACCP’, Professional Safety, vol. 45 no. 6, pp. 33-34. Seward, S 2000, ‘Application of HACCP in food service’, Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, vol. 39 no. 2, pp. 221-227. Taylor, E Taylor, J 2004, ‘Perceptions of â€Å"the bureaucratic nightmare† of HACCP: a case study’, Br itish Food Journal, vol. 106 no. 1, pp. 23-46. Taylor, E 2001, ‘HACCP in small companies: benefit or burden?’, Food Control, vol. 12 no. 4, pp. 217-222. Tsarouhas, P 2012, ‘Reliability, availability and maintainability analysis in food production lines: a review’, International Journal of Food Science Technology, vol. 47 no. 11, pp. 2243-2251.

Interview with the DIY Author Podcast

Interview with the DIY Author Podcast Interview with the DIY Author Podcast Our co-founder Ricardo was interviewed by Chris Well from the fantastic DIY Author Podcast on the benefits of Reedsy to find freelance help and our upcoming features. Here are some cool highlights!Chris: How did the idea for Reedsy come about?Ricardo: The idea for Reedsy comes mainly from my co-founder Emmanuel and I because we’ve been following the industry for a while and from the reader perspective mainly we’ve really enjoyed the digital disruption brought by Amazon, with being one of the first adopters of Kindle in France, and we started thinking about this disruption from an author’s perspective and we’ve learned about self-publishing, and our first thought was, â€Å"Self-publishing’s great but how can you ensure the same quality in the books that are published by self-publishing authors?† And that quality was mainly assured by the editorial work and the design work and the work from all the people involved in an international publishin g company, and we thought let’s create a marketplace that brings this quality to self-publishing.Chris: You said there are other features that are being rolled out in the future, and in addition to imprint what else is going on at Reedsy?Ricardo: Well what’s coming very soon and it’s very, very exciting is brand new author profiles. Because all our freelancers have been enchanted by the design and the fact that they get all their information in a one-pager through their Reedsy profile. And lots of authors have asked us for something similar so we are currently building a one-pager for them where they can aggregate all their information from Amazon – so the books they have on Amazon – all their information from Goodreads – so we’ll have an integration with Goodreads – and also with all the traditional blogging platforms like WordPress, Blogger, Tumblr, so you can have your latest blog post also on your profile.Chris: For an auth or listening, what would you say is the number one reason that an author should come to Reedsy?Ricardo: I think the number one reason is because of how easy it is to use, and because of the assurance that you’re going to get quality, basically. So if you’re looking for any kind of service, you know that you’re going to find the ideal person on Reedsy because we have created a process that allows you to find the ideal person from the very first time, and not having to go through four collaborations with four different editors who don’t really work out exactly as you wanted.Listen to the podcast, or read the full transcript here!

The methods in which advertising media influence and reinforce sexism Essay

The methods in which advertising media influence and reinforce sexism in American society - Essay Example This paper illustrates that advertising revenue is the major funding source for the majority of entertainment and information that Americans receive. Broadcast and cable networks use advertising to generate money to fund programming that is informative, such as news magazine shows, and entertaining, such as sitcoms. Social media sites use advertising to pay for the costs of running their business. Most individuals watch television, read magazines and newspapers, or gather information through social media and the internet. Because advertising is the source of funding for most of these entertainment and information outlets, the individual is exposed to advertising multiple times per day. If sexism exists in the advertising, the individual is exposed to the influence of sexism, even if this exposure is subconscious. In short, we all view advertising, and it has an effect on us. The researcher hope to discover that advertising found in print, television, radio, and internet media employs sexism to sell a good or service. The researcher also hopes to discover that the sexism used in this advertising portrays men in a negative fashion. Specifically, the researcher hope to find evidence that advertising paints men as incompetent fathers, inattentive husbands, and unintelligent uninformed citizens. The researcher realizes that advertising objectifies women and uses sex to sell products to men. However, the researcher has noticed that many companies have begun doing the same to men. ... 5. Why do you care about the topic? I care about this topic primarily because I am male. I realize that advertising objectifies women and uses sex to sell products to men. However, I have noticed that many companies have begun doing the same to men. These corporations often portray men as horrible fathers that are incapable of rearing their children, as horrible husbands who do not listen to their wives, and as beer swilling sports fanatics that have no interest in intellectual pursuits. I think that, just as sexism in advertising has led to poor body image and other issues in females, sexism against men in advertising is leading a generation of men to view themselves as incompetent and worthless. 6. Why would others care about the topic or why do you want them to care? There is little doubt that women have been subject to sexism in American society for generations. However, in recent years, researchers and advocates have succeeded in voicing the issue of women’s rights. Women have responded by overcoming much of this sexism and are now succeeding in school and career at a much higher rate than men. The same battle against sexism must be waged for men as well. If the negative portrayals of men continue to grow in advertising, we can expect that men will begin to devalue themselves and underachieve in school and career. This trend is already taking place within the male population, and our society must stop it. 7. Can you identify any significant connections to the topic that are taking place at this time in the world? Males in our education system are currently underperforming at an alarming rate. Fewer men graduate high school, college, and graduate school than women. At the same time, negative messages about men in

Questions about the far East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Questions about the far East - Essay Example Daoism, also known as Taoism, is one of the dominant religions in China with many features that enhance its uniqueness. Coined from the word Dao, which simply means the path, Daoism anchors on fundamental principles that give precedence to the way of the universe. Although Taoism as a religion has seen numerous changes over the years, the basic tenets that underpin the religion have always remained the same. It mainly delves on such beliefs systems as breathing, reflection, and recital of various verses that support it. Nothing much was introduced into the religion until the early twelfth century when such belief systems and fundamentals as abstinence and verse recitations during repentance (Bretzke 191). According to Coogan and Narayanan, Taoists are vegetarians, strongly holding on the belief that the combination of breathing and meditation promotes long life in humanity. The first unique feature in Taoism is the Tao that simply means the way. This means that Tao is the only being that deserves emulation, as it is the primary overseer of all living things (213). In this scenario, Taoists shun extremities in life and instead promote interdependence. When it comes to nature, they differentiate black from white by Yin and Yang respectively, positing that the two have some element of balanced inter-existence. In simple language, this means that white can exist in black and the opposite is true hence striking a perfect balance between the two is necessary (Coogan and Narayanan 213). The next major component of this kind of religion is the De, which has close interrelationship with the Tao. It simply endeavors to enhance the principles of Tao by upholding virtues professed by Tao while maintain high integrity at the same time. While the Tao does not support the act of doing things in extremes but in moderation, the De aligns itself closely to this principle belief by insisting on the practice of morality throughout one’s lifetime. Last but most importantly i s the precept of immortality in Taoism where it is the duty of every Taoist to endeavor to reach a state of immortality through the continual practice of meditation and breathing. Since its inception, staunch Taoist priests have used mineral salts and gunpowder in their quest to find elixirs. They widely believed those whose religious efforts were impeccable could easily transform to immortal beings who eventually offer guidance to mortals (Coogan and Narayanan 216). Another major religious outfit in the Chinese and Japanese religious structures is the Shinto that fundamentally pays tribute to certain spiritual beings known as the Kami. Although the Shintoists do not believe in an almighty God or gods, they normally offer rituals to the Kami in designated shrines (Coogan and Narayanan 416). Their belief system emphasizes not in the explaining the world or how things happen on earth but the perpetual connection and communication with their spiritual being, the Kami. In Shinto, the fo llowers accord much essence to the rituals that connect them with the kami, spirits whose mission is to enhance the welfare of all human beings. Perhaps some of the most distinct beliefs include the notion that humans are not originators of sin, lack of scriptures and God, fully acknowledging the fact that not only the followers or adherents of Shinto can offer rituals but

The Phoenix hospital Essay Example for Free

The Phoenix hospital Essay The Phoenix Hospital has asked me to create a computer application to replace the existing manual one. In this system patient details have to be kept and information about borrowing of equipment. Records must be kept of what equipment has been borrowed, by whom and when, and also if any equipment is not available because it is being repaired. Aim My aim is to successfully create a database for the hospital, which they can4 use on an everyday basis. The database will need to: Ability to store details of equipment. Item code to identify the item and the type of equipment.   For each piece of equipment it must find:- whether it is available, being repaired or out on loan if on loan, to whom and at what address or ward number if on loan, when is it due to be returned or the loan renewed if being repaired, when was it sent for repair   Produce a hard copy of the above information for any piece of equipment.   Equipment is lent out for a 6- week period, this can be renewed for periods of 6 weeks.   Patients may have more than one piece of equipment on loan at a particular time.   At any one time, about half the equipment will be out on loan and 1 or 2 pieces will be in for repair. Names and addresses of patients are to be invented. Ward numbers are W1- W10. At the end of each week, a full report of the location of all equipment is to be produced. If equipment is due for return or renewal during the following week, that patient will be contacted. There is a standard letter for this purpose. Design Definition of Data Requirements I need to design tables, forms and queries which will enable me to meet the above aims. Record Structure Patient Table Field Name Data Type Field Length/ Format Validation Rule Input Mask Patient id AutoNumber Long Integer Title Text 5   Forname Text 50- Surname Text 50   gender Text Loan ID Number Long Integer   Item ID Text 50 Returned Yes/No   Figure 6 Loan Table Record Structure Design of Forms Patient Form Figure 7 Design of Patient Form Equipment Details Form Figure 8 Design of Equipment Details Form Welcome Screen Form Figure 9 Design of Welcome Screen Repair Form Figure 10 Design of Repair Table Design of Reports Locations Report Figure 11 design of Locations Report Equipment on Loan at End of Week Report Figure 12 Design of Equipment on Loan at End of Week Report Security and Integrity of Data Security and integrity are very important aspects of a database. I have made sure the database is secure from hackers, thieves and from general mistakes messing up the system. Security can be done using passwords to keep out people who shouldnt access areas. There are different levels of access rights these are read-only, Read/Write and No Access. Backup can help keep hold of important data in the event of the system being destroyed. Therefore the more frequently that backups are done the better. Integrity will minimize the amount of errors going into the system. Validating data in the database will help keep it in good working order and make it easy to search for data when needed.

assisted suicide :: essays research papers

Assisted Suicide In 1997, Oregon became the only state allowing legal physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Although physician-assisted suicide has been legal in Oregon for four years, it remains highly controversial. PAS is when a doctor prescribes their patient to medication which would kill them. Patients must pass certain requirements in order to request a prescription for lethal medication. The patient must be 18 years or older, a resident of Oregon, able to make health care decisions, and diagnosed with a terminal illness that would lead to death within six months. After meeting these requirements patients are able to request a prescription for lethal medication from a licensed Oregon physician. To receive a prescription for lethal medication, the following steps must be completed: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The patient must make two oral requests to their physician, separated by at least 15 days. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The patient must provide a written request to their physician, signed with two witnesses present. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The doctor who prescribes the patient and another physician must confirm the diagnosis and prognosis. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If either physician believes the patient's judgment is impaired by a psychiatric or psychological disorder, the patient must take a psychological examination. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The physician must inform the patient of alternatives to assisted suicide. Such as comfort care, hospital care, and pain management. During 1998, 1999 and 2000, approximately 16, 27, and 27 patients used PAS. Patients who died by PAS were more educated than other Oregonians who did not choose to commit suicide and had similar illnesses. All the medications prescribed are barbiturates. A physician or anyone else can not directly administer medication to end another's life. In 2001, 44 doctors prescribed 33 patients to a medication that would end their life. In comparison, 39 prescriptions were written in 2000, 33 in 1999 and 24 in 1998. Although the number of prescriptions written for physician-assisted suicide has increased in the past four years, the number of ill patients taking lethal medication has stayed small with less than 1/10 of one percent of Oregonians dying by physician-assisted suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reason I picked this topic is because I thought it was very interesting and also very controversial. I find it very interesting that Oregon is the only state that has physician-assisted suicide. I feel very strongly that if a person was in so much pain where they wanted to commit suicide, then it should be allowed. I also agree with the requirements a patient has to meet before being granted the prescription.

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress Essay

Title: Balzac and the Little Chinese seamstress author: Dai SijieOriginally published in France by Gallimard, 2000English translation publisher: Alfred A. KnopfCopyright: September 11, 2001Hardcover: 208 pagesA novelBalzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress is a cogent novel that depicts the impact of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, proves the magic of storytelling, compares ancient and modern, and tells a romantic love story between a mountain girl and two city youths. Two boys are sent to a mountain at the age of 17 and 18 during the Cultural Revolution in China in the 1970s for re-education. The narrator, a violin player, and his best friend Luo both have parents that are doctors and therefore classed as enemies of the people, which is the worst thing that can happen to an intellectual. The chance of going home from this remote village 500 kilometers away from their hometown, the big city Chengdu, is less than three in a thousand. At the mountain Phoenix of the Sky, which is just a poetic way of suggesting its terrifying altitude, they are put into a house on stilts with a sow underneath in the poorest village perched on a summit. Their re-education consists of working in a coal mine and carrying buckets of excrement up and down a mountain. With them in another village is an old friend called Fore-Eyes, because of his glasses. Soon the two discover his hidden suitcase that contains a large number of Western literature translated into Chinese. And when they meet the Little Seamstress, the beautiful mountain girl in need of culture, they decide to steal the suitcase. This partly historical novel tells the amusing adventures of a teenager during his re-education in a humorous, and sometimes sarcastic way, with a lot of black humor in between. A funny example is the day of their arrival. When the narrator played a sonata by Mozart on his violin to convince the villagers that it was a musical instrument, not a toy, he had to call his piece Mozart is Thinking of Chairman Mao to wipe out the headmans suspicion. Another example is Fore-Eyes collecting authentic folk songs from the peasants to publish them in a journal, in order to get out of the village: he adapted and modified them to communistic songs because the text was a little indelicate. The irony behind this is that songs from peasants, who  are the actual communists, had to be altered in order to be published in a communistic journal. The characters are all extremely realistic, whether it is the vigilant, coarse, and harsh village headman who is an ex-opium grower turned Communist saying that spreading out reactionary stories of western Counts (Count of Monte Cristo) is a crime, regardless of the Counts nationality because our revolution will triumph the world over, or the poor Old Miller eating pebbles dipped in salt water with his liquor, which he calls jade dumplings with miller sauce. My favorite character is the superficial and sycophantic Fore-Eyes with his smiling mask: he is the son of a poetess and a writer and therefore also classed three-in-a-thousand. He lives in constant terror of the peasants opinion, hoping that they might give him a chance to go back home: Ive got to work, thats what Im here for. At least thats what the headman says, he says. The Cultural Revolution has not only changed Fore-Eyes. Towards the end of 1968, Chairman Mao launched a campaign that would leave the country profoundly altered: the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Schools and universities were closed and hundred of thousands of young intellectuals were forced to go to the countryside for re-education, meaning working with poor peasants to change their bourgeois minds, to have western decadent ideas re-educated out of them. This book is one of the few that personally describe the suffering of teenagers at the age of growing up working in villages without any culture or civilization, completely blocked from the outside world. The little coal mine already became a threatening word in the two boys vocabulary. Luo once said: I dont know why, but from the moment we got here Ive had this idea stuck in my head: that Im going to die in this mine. As the narrator said, he’s heard â€Å"nothing but revolutionary blather about patriotism, Communism, ideology and propaganda all his life†. Therefore, a suitcase with Western literature that was discovered by chance totally transformed him and his friend in a way that being in the city could never have done because any art or literature that is Western were banned for years at that time. So even though they were supposed to be re-educated, they did read something else than Maos Little Red Book, the only book that was allowed to be read. Besides manifesting the impact of the Cultural Revolution, the story reveals the importance of storytelling. Early in the book, the narrator says: The only thing Luo was really good at was telling stories. A pleasing talent to be sure, but a marginal one, with little future in it. Modern man has moved beyond the age of the Thousand-and-One-Nights, and modern societies everywhere, whether socialist or capitalist, have done away with the old storytellers—more’s the pity. The fact is this story is based on telling stories – from revolutionary movies to Western forbidden books and at that certain time and place, storytelling brought culture and civilization. The narrator was completely changed when he opened the thin book of Balzac, realizing that subjects like awakening desire, passion, impulsive action had all been hidden from him. Like he said: Brushing them with the tips of my fingers made me feel as if my pale hands were in touch with human lives. Somehow, the way he identifies characters and situations that he has never experienced so strongly can be compared to the way this book presents itself: through excellent descriptions the reader is led in a world so new, so different, and so impressive. This wonderful story combines ancient and modern, superstition and civilization in a village, demonstrating an entire contrast between the two cultures. An interesting scene in the book is that sorceresses who came to heal Luo from his bout of malaria were fascinated by the story the narrator told. He said: I embarked on the strangest performance of my life. In that remote village tucked into a cleft in the mountain where my friend had fallen into a sort of stupor, I sat in the flickering light of an oil lamp and related the North Korean film for the benefit of a pretty girl and four ancient sorceresses. Although this book essentially suggests that Western culture is welcomed, the plot hints a drawback. If everyone in China or elsewhere would be educated in a Western way, meaning to leave superstition, religion, tradition and maybe even culture and history behind, what would then the world look like?The book is not only a story about cultural differences; it is also a love story. The Little Seamstress is by far the prettiest girl in the whole region. The moment the narrator and Luo saw her, the beauty of this simple, kind, and genuine daughter of the tailor fascinated them. The narrator asked Luo whether he was in love with her or  not, and he replied: Shes not civilized, at least not enough for me! The story deals with teaching a mountain girl (who is now Luos girlfriend) by telling her Western stories about love and passion. At the same time, it deals a lot with friendship, because the narrator is also in love with the Little Seamstress, who isnt aware of that. He calls himself her secret agent when he goes to protect the Little Seamstress from other admirers following Luos wish when he was gone for a month. He teaches the Little Seamstress and helps her at her daily work, but wasnt supposed to show any kind of affection or jealousy. That is true friendship, in other words. In the end, the story takes a surprising turn with the Little Seamstress leaving them with Balzacs words: A womans beauty is a treasure beyond price.After all, it is a very powerful and convincing book that allows readers to think about this dark and ugly period of Chinese history and at the same time see how hope and optimism never vanishes in times of despair, fear and loneliness, or any kind of terrible situations one might get in.

Public Issues and Personal Problems

PUBLIC ISSUES AND PERSONAL PROBLEMS Most of the time, we don’t think of problems we go through as social issues, but when we compare ourselves to others we can see that many of the everyday problems of average people occur on a larger basis in our country. Some are easier to spot such as unemployment, even though it affects each person laid off once the rates get to a certain point it is obvious that the rates are due to economical factors not the characteristics of each individual (Mills 1). I have found that a problem that is becoming more evident in our daily life is a growing use of dangerous supplements in teenage athletes.When I was thirteen I started in my first school sport. I became a runner. I fell in love with the sport. As I grew older it was something that dominated my life on and off the mat. I often found myself in class wishing I were running. Naturally as I became older I also became more a competitive athlete, as did the rest of my friends that ran or played any high school sport for that matter. Talk of being a competitor at state championships or who was favored at the next match often filled the hallways. Generally this competition appeared a good thing to me. I was a better athlete because of that competition.Being a runner I often heard people talk about â€Å"why would you do that to your body? † referring to dropping weight. At first the idea seemed absurd. The conversations with others about what supplements I was taking or not taking took place almost every day. As I spent more time conversing with wrestlers from other school I found the phenomenon was far from isolated to my school or even my state. Pills such as Xenadrine, DHEA, and Androstat where almost a necessary thing. To keep up with the bell curve of students taking the same things everyone â€Å"had to do it. Instead of sticking with these already dangerous or at the very least unhealthy pills people often felt pushed to try even bigger and better things. Over time the use of very unhealthy supplements to drop or gain weight or to gain any kind of edge became almost common. Sadly many of these pills, drinks, and even injections where available to anyone at most â€Å"health food stores. † The long term use of these can have a devastating effect on teens. I have seen the best wrestlers walk off the mat and into the locker room to puke. Thankfully I have never known anyone personally to suffer any long-term effects but I ave often seen on the news and read in the paper about athletes that have. I recently saw on the news that a pitching prospect for the Oriels, Steve Belcher, died from taking Xenadrine RFA-1. It is true that this was not the only factor, but it was defiantly a major contributor. I am familiar with this particular drug as I probably went through two hundred dollars worth in high school. The major ingredient is Ephedrine. Ephedrine is the principal extract from Ma Huang. Ephedrine is a â€Å"beta-adrenergic agonist,à ¢â‚¬  which means it increases heart rate, blood pressure, and thermal energy by burning fat for energy.My experience with this is it is very effective but unless a person is already in good health (which is unlikely if they are taking a fat burning formula) this can be a very dangerous chemical. Such as in the case of Steve Belcher. The company that makes Xenadrine recently released a new formula of the supplement with out Ephedrine in my opinion because this is because Ephedrine is being evaluated by the USDA and may become illegal over the counter. As I made it though high school and I no longer take part in the rush for the hot new supplements to make me perform better I have found that I haven’t even thought about it in a long time.At the time I didn’t even give it a second thought but now I see that supplements that are meant for short term use by grown adults or that are just plain not healthy to use for anyone are finding their way to the hands of athletes mor e often. The need to gain an edge and be the best drives them to do whatever it takes for them to win. I find myself relegated to telling my little brother of the dangers and hoping that these supplements will be pulled from the shelf before more harm is done. Bibliography: Works Cited Mills, C. Wright â€Å"The Promise† Mapping the Social Landscape, Ed Susan J. Ferguson McGraw Hill, 2002. 1-6.

BY01 Enzyme Catalase essays

BY01 Enzyme Catalase essays The enzyme catalase speeds up the decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide into water and oxygen as shown here, 2H2O2-*2H2O+O2. It is one of the fastest known enzymes and its turnover number is 6 million, which means the number of substrate molecules which one molecule of the enzyme turns to products per minute. This can be demonstrated by putting a piece of liver into a beaker of Hydrogen Peroxide, the fizzing shows a demonstration of the enzyme in action. My aim is to examine how the concentration of the substrate hydrogen peroxide affects the enzyme catalase. I am going to investigate the effect of varying the substrate concentration on enzyme catalase. I am going to use 8 different concentrations and record the time taken to collect 20ml of gas in the gas syringe. I will repeat all the 8 concentrations twice so I can see if they match, spot out any anonymous results and also I can work out the average time it takes to produce 20ml of gas at the certain concentrations. I will vary the concentrations by increasing and decreasing the amounts of Hydrogen Peroxide and water. First of all I will ensure I have enough enzyme solution for the whole experiments so the enzyme solution is standardised. With the results I get I will try to work out the  ½ Vmax. I will do this experiment at room temperature so the enzymes get enough kinetic energy to collide. I will need 80ml of the enzyme solution because I will use 5ml for all of the experiment and I will do 8 different concentrations and I will repeat this concentrations twice so that is 5x8x2= 80. First of all I will set out the equipment as I will show in the diagram then I will cut some pieces of liver, which is the source of the enzyme. Then I will grind the pieces of liver with the mortar and pestle, which will have sand and Di ionised water (which is water with no H ions in it its PH is neutral). The sand will help cut open the cells of the liver. I will...

Impersonal Verb Definition, Usage, and Examples

Impersonal Verb Definition, Usage, and Examples Impersonal verbs, verbs that dont refer to the action of a specific entity, are used in both English and Spanish, although in different ways. Known as verbos impersonales in Spanish, they are fairly rare. They consist mainly of some  weather verbs and certain uses of haber and ser along with their English equivalents. Definition of Impersonal Verb An impersonal verb is one that expresses the action of an unspecified, generally meaningless subject. In its narrowest sense, an impersonal verb can have no subject. Impersonal Spanish verbs in this narrow sense include the weather verbs such as llover (to rain), which are also defective verbs, because conjugated forms exist only in the third-person singular (as in llueve, it is raining). Applying this strict definition to English, only one impersonal verb- methinks- remains in use, and then only in literature or for effect. In a broader and more usual sense, however, impersonal verbs in English are those that use a meaningless it as the subject. The it, known by many grammarians as an expletive, dummy pronoun, or pleonastic pronoun, is used not to provide meaning in the sentence but to provide a grammatically necessary subject. In the sentences It snowed and It is apparent he lied, snowed and is, respectively, are impersonal verbs. In Spanish, sometimes plural verbs can be considered impersonal, as in a sentence such as Comen arroz en Guatemala (they eat rice in Guatemala). Note how in this sentence, the implied subject of the sentence (translated as they in English) doesnt refer to anyone in particular. There is no significant difference in meaning between saying Comen arroz en Guatemala and Se come el arroz en Guatemala (Rice is eaten in Guatemala). In other words, this impersonal usage is similar in meaning to that of the passive voice. Using the Weather Verbs The most common weather verbs that are used impersonally in addition to llover are granizar (to hail), helar (to freeze), lloviznar (to drizzle), never (to snow), and tronar (to thunder). Hacer can similarly be used impersonally in phrases such as hacer viento (to be windy, literally to make or do wind). Other weather-related hacer phrases include hacer buen tiempo (to have good weather), hacer calor (to be hot), hacer frà ­o (to be cold), hacer mal tiempo (to have bad weather), and hacer sol (to be sunny). Verbs used similarly to refer to outdoor phenomena include amanecer (to become dawn), anochecer (to become dark, as at night), and relampaguear (to become brighter). When used impersonally, these verbs can be used only in the third person, but they can be used in any tense. For example, forms of llover include llovà ­a (it was raining), llovià ³ (it rained), ha llovido (it has rained), and lloverà ­a (it would rain). Haber as an Impersonal Verb In Spanish, the hay  form of  haber also is considered impersonal. In translation to English, there rather than it is used as a dummy pronoun. When used in the third person, haber can have meanings such as there is, there are, and there were. In the present indicative, haber takes the form of hay when referring to the existence of both singular and plural subjects. So Hay una mesa is used for There is one table, while Hay tres mesas is used for There are three tables. Traditionally in other tenses, only the singular form is used. Thus you would say Habà ­a una mesa for There was one table and Habà ­a tres mesas for There were three tables. However, although grammar purists may frown on it, it isnt unusual to hear habà ­an used for the plural, or habrn in the future tense. Ser as an Impersonal Verb In Spanish, no equivalent of it is used with impersonal verbs, which stand alone using a third-person singular conjugation. An example of an impersonal verb usage is the es in Es verdad que estoy loco (It is true that I am crazy). Ser is commonly used impersonally as the equivalent of constructions such as it is, it was and it will be in English impersonal expressions. Thus you could say Es posible que salgamos for It is possible we will leave. Note how it doesnt refer to anyone or anything in particular but is included simply so is can have a subject. Key Takeaways Impersonal verbs are those which the subject of the verb is no person or entity in particular.When impersonal verbs are used, Spanish doesnt use a noun or pronoun as the subject, omitting the subject entirely. In English, it and sometimes there are used as dummy subjects for impersonal verbs.Impersonal verbs are used only in the third person.

Banking Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Banking Crisis - Research Paper Example It is important to ensure close co-ordination between the Federal Reserve and the Government, because monetary policies should be complementary to fiscal policies for achieving the country’s objective of sustainable and long term economic growth. Evolution of Central Banking The concept of Central Bank evolved in the second half of the 19th century. The banking institutions started with commercial purposes or government banks have transformed into central banks in most of the countries. Bank of England model has been adopted by several countries. Central banks became the lender of the last resort and started issuing notes. In the aftermath of the great depression the independence of the central bank has been curtailed in US. However, gold standard and laissez faire brought back independence to central bank to ensure monetary stability. The  US Federal Reserve came into existence in 1913 through passing of The Federal Reserve Act. Panic in 1907 in banking circles gave rise to demands for reforms in banking sector and the National Monetary Commission was set up for this purpose. In mid 1990’s â€Å"in the wake of Russian default, the Fed lowered short term interest rates to minimize the consequences of international financial conditions for the US economy and to ameliorate those conditions abroad.† (Neely 35) Many world countries have agreed to adopt gold standard system in Bretton Woods Conference in 1914 which envisaged economic discipline among the nations. The role of central bank has increased substantially since stability of the currency is an important factor in international finance. But, gold standard has failed due to devaluation of currencies by several countries to protect their national economies. The International Monetary Fund created in Bretton Woods in 1944 with the aim of preserving global monetary order introduced fixed exchange rates of the currencies in relation to US Dollar or gold. This system has also failed due to v arious practical difficulties. Introduction of fluctuating exchange rates later coupled with internal economic factors has increased the clout of central banks further and most of the countries started adopting fluctuating exchange rate system based on demand and supply. Paul Krugman stated â€Å"Under the "floating" exchange rates we have had since 1973, exchange rates are determined by people buying and selling currencies in the foreign-exchange markets. The instability of floating rates has surprised and disappointed many economists and businessmen, who had not expected them to create so much uncertainty.† From the simple bartering system, the monetary order has undergone changes over years in tune with the dynamic economic environment, technological developments and introduction of exotic derivative products in banking and financial services sector. In determining the value of money in modern economy, the fiscal measures of governments and the monetary control measures of the central bank play very crucial roles. David Kupelian stated â€Å"Despite the varied theories espoused by many establishment economists, it was none other than the Federal Reserve that caused the Great Depression and the horrific suffering, deprivation and dislocation America and the world experienced in its wake. At least, that’s the clearly stated view of current Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke.† The globalization phenomenon gaining momentum during the recent years

Hospitality Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hospitality Learning - Essay Example From the early days, medieval monasteries in Europe intellectually offered hospitality to travelers, especially pilgrims. The early inns in Europe were profit-making ventures that offered public rooms where merchants would sit to discuss their businesses. Apparently, the hospitality industry has followed travelers’ paths. In about year 1200, there arose inn-keeping that saw English restaurants considered as the finest globally during the industrial revolution. With the birth of the first class Termand house hotel in Boston in 1829, providing guestroom, lockable door and free soap, the modern hotel industry emerged. By the 1950s, new concepts such as floatels, boatels and motels had been introduced. By 1960, a majority of hotel owners merged with large chains such as Hilton and franchising their hotels, making them larger. This marked the birth of the modern hotel industry across the world (Talwar, 22). At this point, it would be important to note the role that Hotel Management course plays in opening up one’s mind to appreciate that hospitality encompasses more than just hotels. Hospitality has been categorized into four segments: transportation, commercial recreation, food service and lodging. Therefore, whereas travelers could use hotels for dining and accommodation, restaurants would provide meals only. Vacation ownership is another plan in the hospitality industry where customers buy a property, normally a residence at a resort and acquire the right of use for the lease period. Resorts are places meant for vacation, daytime getaway or relaxation and could offer live entertainment, cosmetic treatment, meals and massages. Another increasingly attractive field has been the cruise ship where passenger ships with amenities to serve leisure purposes are employed in leisure voyages with the various destinations along the way also being attractive. Whatever the choice of hospitality, Hotel Management emphasizes on the importance of

Foreign Direct Investment---Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Foreign Direct Investment---Economics - Essay Example What exactly are foreign direct investments, and why have they increased so steadily What factors make foreign direct investments such a popular global occurrence A foreign direct investment, as the name states, involves corporations who invest long term overseas. There are four types of FDI's for business corporations to choose from. The most commonly preferred for more corporations are mergers and acquisitions. They involve a transfer of assets from the originating corporation to the one which is foreign based. (Wikipedia, 2006). Greenfield investments are investments or expansions for a new corporation. There are two forms of vertical foreign direct investments which involve backward vertical FDI and forward vertical FDI. Backward vertical FDI involves an out of the country business which provides resources/assets to a domestic business. Forward vertical FDI involves a business abroad that sells the amount produced of a business's domestic production(s). A.T. Kearney Inc. is a global management consulting firm that is an active member of the Global Business Policy Council. This council aids and advises head executives on geopolitics, macroeconomics, technological changes, and macroeconomics worldwide (A.T. Kearney, 2006, p.1). A.T. Kearney spent over seven years surveying numerous head executives from over one thousand corporations worldwide for their opinions on future FDI growth and objectives. The companies and their executives that were surveyed comprise seventy percent of the cumulative FDI. In December 2005, A.T. Kearny published their findings in their FDI Confidence Index. The survey was comprised of sixty-eight countries that contribute ninety percent of the global FDI (A.T. Kearney, 2006, p. 2). They selected the top twenty-five countries according to their FDI confidence. These countries were ranked by a score given from zero to three. Scores closer to three was given to those countries with the highest amount of FDI conf idence. For example, China received the highest FDI confidence rating for a score of 2.197. Why would China be interested in foreign direct investments A country such as China is interested in FDI's to improve the economic state of its own country based on the numerous benefits of foreign enterprise investing. There are many advantages and attractions for foreign markets to invest in one of the worlds largest and growing markets. China's population was estimated in 2005 at over 1.3 billion people. It holds a large share of twenty percent of the world's total population estimated at 6.5 billion people. (Prasad, Eswar & Wei, Shang Jin,2005). Many multinational corporations will choose to invest in densely populated countries such as China. Companies will choose China because their own country lacks a sufficient labor supply. The cost of China's labor force is dramatically low in comparison to other surrounding Asian countries. Many foreign direct investors have found this cost effective and have created and brought millions of jobs to China. The US, a country which owes the m ajority of its yearly population growth from immigration, would find China to be a valuable source of manpower as well as an ever increasing and developing economy. On the other hand, the population growth has become so overwhelming high for China that the government has had to

Defining Race and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

Defining Race and Ethnicity Essay The use of the terms race and ethnicity is varied. The two terms are misused as if they are identical. The casual and common appearance of the terms side by side in the public discourse may discourage people from regarding them as distinct terms. Race is based on the premise of biological and physical differences. the concept of race included any essential zing of groups of people which held them to display inherent, heritable, persistent or predictive characteristics, and which thus had a biological or quasi-biological basis. Ethnicity is an embodiment of values, institutions, and patterns of behavior, a composite whole representing a peoples historical experience, aspirations, and worldview. Ethnic classification, either externally imposed or intrinsically engendered, often defines peoples membership to a group. Aside from social constructs, ethnicity is innately more central to human experience and identity than race. I do not believe that these concepts should be important to society. Racial and ethnic categories are neither fixed across societies nor within a society. Racial and ethnic categories are fluid and changing depending on the socio-political context of a society at any given time. Ethnic and racial differences do not inherently lead to conflict. Instead, these differences can take on a social meaning of hierarchy leading to conflict when divided groups fail to negotiate. In such cases, the imbalance of power, not the racial or ethnic differences per se, is the underlying cause of the conflict. In each of these cases, it is critical that the topic of race and ethnicity receives continual examination. The ideology and myth of racial and ethnic differences cannot be validated to support or legitimate superiority, privilege, or conflict as has often been the case in both historical and global contexts.

Irony in Tim O’Brien’s How to Tell a True War Story Essay -- How to Te

Irony in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† â€Å"This is true.† (O’Brien, 420) – with this simple statement which also represents a first, three-word introductory paragraph to Tim O’Brien’s short story, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story†, the author reveals the main problem of what will follow. â€Å"Truth† – when looked up in a dictionary, we would probably find definitions similar to sincerity and honesty on the one hand, and correctness, accuracy or reality on the other hand. When looking at these definitions, one can make out two groups of meaning: While sincerity and honesty are very subjective, correctness or accuracy are supposed to be objective by nature. One can be sincere and still not report the truth, due to the simple fact that one does not know any better. Accuracy, however, is supposed to represent facts, bits and pieces of information that paint a picture of an event, untouched by opinion or attitude. In his short story, O’Brien unravels step by step the irony in the double meaning of truth, implied in this first statement, â€Å"This is true†, to the reader which is then woven through the entire story. By trying to characterize what constitutes a true war story, but never really achieving this goal, the true irony of his short story is revealed. Even though in some instances giving away his opinion explicitly, the sheer contradiction of honesty and reality becomes even more visible in an implicit way by following O’Brien’s explanations throughout the story while he deconstructs his first statement. The incongruity between his first statement and what is actually shown in his examples does not need any explicit statements to drive home his message. An interesting combination of recalled events and editorial commentary, the story is not set up like a traditional short story. One of the most interesting, and perhaps troubling, aspects of the construction of â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† is O’Brien’s choice to create a fictional, first-person narrator who might just as well be the author himself. Because â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† is told from a first-person perspective and O’Brien is an actual Vietnam veteran, a certain authenticity to this story is added. He, as the â€Å"expert† of war leads the reader through the story. Since O’Brien has experienced the actual war from a soldier’s point of view, he should be able to present the truth about war... ...r because it seems impossible to reconstruct an event from this objective point of view. Maybe the point of telling stories is not trying to recreate the reality of a past event, but it is the message that matters because that might be in the end the only thing that does not necessarily depend on single details of the story, but on the overall picture of an event. That is why to O’Brien another important component of a war story is the fact that a war story will never pin down the definite truth and that is why a true war story â€Å"never seems to end† (O’Brien, 425). O’Brien moves the reader from the short and simple statement â€Å"This is the truth† to the conclusion that, â€Å"In war you lose your sense of the definite, hence your sense of truth itself and therefore it’s safe to say that in a true war story nohting much is ever very true† (O’Brien, 428). These two statements frame the entire irony of the story, from it s beginning to its end. Almost like the popular saying â€Å"A wise man admits that he knows nothing.† Works Cited O’Brien, Tim. â€Å"How To Tell a True War Story.† The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2003. p. 420-429.

John Locke’s Some Thoughts Concerning Education; Philosophy Essay

Daniel Dwyer Mykytyn, N. January 11, 2013 HZT 4U1-01 John Locke’s Some Thoughts Concerning Education John Locke, famous sixteenth century philosopher and â€Å"Father of Classical Liberalism† wrote a work based on the human mind and learning methods entitled Some Thoughts Concerning Education. This work outlines Locke’s views on how the brain absorbs and remembers new ideas through a theory known as the â€Å"tabula rasa† or blank slate. This theory constitutes that humans are born with a blank mind and that as we are taught new concepts, they are inscribed into this blank slate and remain there until we pass on.According to Locke, the goal of education is not to create a scholar, but to create a virtuous man. He believes that learning morals is more important than any other kind of learning. He believes that education should create a person who obeys reason instead of passion. One of the most emphasized points in Locke’s work is that children shoul d enjoy learning and that there is no good reason that they should dislike learning and love playing. This idea covers almost two thirds of his work on education as Locke believes that we should begin teaching humans correctly from a young age.All together, John Locke’s work emphasizes three base ideas, the concept of the tabula rasa, moral learning is more important than any other kind of learning, and that children should enjoy learning. The first subject being covered is the subject of the tabula rasa or blank slate that allows humans to think freely in a sense. The concept of the tabula rasa, as told by John Locke, delves into the human mind deeper than one could simply comprehend by studying the surface of the human mind. Locke explains part of a pre-established concept introduced by Aristotle, known as priori and posteriori knowledge.His work places more emphasis on posteriori knowledge in that this learning method imposes that humans are born with a blank slate in thei r mind and that as they learn, subjects and ideas are essentially burned into their minds. This is based off of the basic â€Å"nature versus nurture† concept in that humans learn in one of two ways. These are either through nature, in which we are born with knowledge and that we are basically unlocking it through experience and all learning is basically recollection.The other method emphasized by Locke is nurturing, humans are taught through action and all learning is just the basic collection of new ideas. Locke held firmly the idea that with the tabula rasa, one is given the ability to bend their mind and tailor themselves to certain ways of learning. This is an important point in Locke’s Some Thoughts Concerning Education because it is the basis for the entirety of this work. This lets people define who they are, or, their character. If every human were to learn through recollection then truly we have no freedom as this means our character and mind are virtually pr edestined for us.Tabula rasa gives humans the freedom to learn on our own and shape our own characters without having to worry about what might come in our predetermined fates. This also slightly mixes in a single quality of priori knowledge in that once we learn something, it is permanently engraved into our minds, and as we grow older, lose our knowledge as we might, it is simply because we can not recall it. It is held within the library of knowledge that is our brain, but we simply can not remember it. The second argument I would like to introduce is John Locke’s personal views on virtues.Locke was a general liberal Protestant Christian, meaning he held very strong his values and ethics. This is apparent when he explains that moral learning is more important than any other kind of learning. Locke believed that the goal of education was not to raise a man of passion, but to raise one of reason and morals. He also held that another goal of education was not to create a scho larly man, but to create a virtuous man, much like Locke himself. Normally, on the standpoint of religion, philosophers were men of science and logic.Locke directly opposed these earlier ideas by stating that morals, virtues, and ethics were a more important section of learning than any variety of math, algebra, chemistry, etcetera. More specifically, Locke wanted the educational system to instill what he named, the Principle of Virtue. This was an idea that Locke wished to impose that would divert a child’s mental attention from their appetites and desires to reason. Locke deeply rooted his philosophies in his devout dedication to Christianity. Locke strongly supports moral learning because e believes that one who holds strong morals and implements them in their daily lives can improve the quality of society as a whole. He believes that society looks well upon the virtuous because society profits from virtuous acts. Locke wanted to teach these values to young people still go ing through earlier stages of development so that they would be passed down through generations as the ideal behaviours. The third and final point is Locke’s strong emphasis on the teaching methods implemented on young children. He held a strong belief that children were the future of our society, and he was correct.This is why he disliked the educational system of his time. He did not like the concept of children being taught languages, mathematics, and science because he knew and he understood that children dislike learning these subjects. He believed that children could have fun learning due to his theory that children hate learning and love playing because they are forced to learn and they are not forced to play. Children enjoy playing because it is an instinct for children to prefer having fun and playing games than being forced to learn the difficult new concepts held within mathematics, algebra, science and languages.He says that children should be nurtured and taken s eriously regardless of their behaviour or situation. In saying this, what he means to say is that children should not be beaten, or scolded, and that behaviour, good or bad, should be taken lightly and that children should not be punished for causing trouble due to their age. Locke also puts emphasis on the point that every child’s mind is different, and that teachers should tailor their education towards certain students’ characters.Locke stresses that all children should learn a manual skill such as carpentry, painting, or playing an instrument as it offers relief from the stressful hours spent learning in school. The point of Locke’s essay is to take a stand against schools in a sense. He does this by criticizing their teaching methods and offering ideas on how children should learn and how they should grow. He implements his own opinion by utilizing a strong Christian background and by analyzing the minds of young children.He argues many points and opinions in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, but the most strongly emphasized are the concept of the tabula rasa, that moral learning is the most important form of learning, and that children should be taught through less strict methods of teaching. He believes that people grow through development of the mind, rather than recollection of complicated ideas. In the nature versus nurture argument, Locke strongly supports the notion of nurturing the brain and makes that a strongly opinionated statement through one of his most influential works, Some Thoughts Concerning Education.